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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cotoname</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox wikitable float-right toptextcells" style="width:330px; font-size:95%; margin-top:0;" summary="Infobox Sprache">
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#A9BEC7; color:#202122; font-size: 1.3em;">Cotoname
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<td style="background:#F2F2F4; width:33%;">
<p>Gesprochen in
</p>
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<td colspan="2"><a href="Vereinigte_Staaten" title="Vereinigte Staaten">Vereinigte Staaten</a>, <a href="Mexiko" title="Mexiko">Mexiko</a>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe5">Sprecher
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<td colspan="2">ausgestorben
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe5">Linguistische<br><a href="Sprachfamilie" title="Sprachfamilie">Klassifikation</a>
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<p>isolierte Sprache
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<ul><li><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><div style="font-weight:bold;">Cotoname</div></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></li></ul>
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<p><b>Cotoname</b> (auch <b>Carrizo de Camargo</b>) ist eine ausgestorbene indigene <a href="Sprache" title="Sprache">Sprache</a> in <a href="Nordamerika" title="Nordamerika">Nordamerika</a>, die im <a href="Rio_Grande_Valley" title="Rio Grande Valley">Rio Grande Valley</a> in Südtexas und Nordostmexiko gesprochen wurde.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dokumentation">Dokumentation</h2></div>
<p>Heute sind nur noch etwa 150 Wörter aus dem Cotoname bekannt. Jean-Louis Berlandier sammelte um 1829 104 Wörter in dieser Sprache. Weitere Cotoname-Wörter wurden 1886 von <a href="Albert_Samuel_Gatschet" title="Albert Samuel Gatschet">Albert S. Gatschet</a> bei Sprechern des Comecrudo gesammelt.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Einige Beispielwörter aus dem Cotoname sind:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<ul><li><i>a´x</i> 'Wasser'</li>
<li><i>bai´</i> 'schwarz, Nacht'</li>
<li><i>da´-än</i> 'Salz'</li>
<li><i>gama´ro</i> 'Hase'</li>
<li><i>ko´x</i> 'Bauch'</li>
<li><i>o´</i> 'Sonne, Tag'</li>
<li><i>pa´ma</i> 'schreien'</li>
<li><i>pa´we</i> 'sitzen'</li>
<li><i>ya´x</i> 'süß'</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sprachverwandtschaft">Sprachverwandtschaft</h2></div>
<p>Cotoname wird manchmal mit anderen ehemals in Texas gesprochenen indigenen Sprachen in Verbindung gebracht. Schon <a href="John_Wesley_Powell" title="John Wesley Powell">Powell</a> schlug vor, dass Cotoname mit <a href="Coahuiltekisch" title="Coahuiltekisch">Coahuiltekisch</a> und Comecrudo verwandt ist. Zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts fasste Swanton Cotoname als Teil einer größeren Sprachfamilie (Coahuiltekisch), die ihm zufolge u. a. auch Karankawa, Atakapa und Tonkawa umfasste. <a href="Edward_Sapir" title="Edward Sapir">Edward Sapir</a> verband Swantons Coahuiltekisch inklusive Cotoname mit den <a href="Hoka-Sprachen" title="Hoka-Sprachen">Hoka-Sprachen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neuere Arbeiten von Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell und Marianne Mithun gehen dagegen davon aus, dass Cotoname eine isolierte Sprache ist bzw. angesichts der schlechten Dokumentation der Sprache keine ausreichende Evidenz für eine Verwandtschaft zu anderen Sprachen vorliegt.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Þorgeirsson, Haukur (2025). The Cotoname Language: An Analysis. <i><a href="International_Journal_of_American_Linguistics" title="International Journal of American Linguistics">International Journal of American Linguistics</a></i> 91(4): 509-541. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/737189" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1086/737189">DOI:10.1086/737189</a>.</li>
<li>Þorgeirsson, Haukur & Alaric Hall (2024). The Cotoname language – the primary sources. <i><a href="Zenodo" title="Zenodo">Zenodo</a></i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13368224" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.5281/zenodo.13368224">DOI:10.5281/zenodo.13368224</a>.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marianne Mithun: <cite style="font-style:italic">Language Isolates of North America</cite>. In: Lyle Campbell, Alex Smith, Thomas Dougherty (Hrsg.): <cite style="font-style:italic">Language Isolates</cite>. Routledge, New York 2017, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>194</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Cotoname&rft.atitle=Language+Isolates+of+North+America&rft.au=Marianne+Mithun&rft.btitle=Language+Isolates&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=194&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ives Goddard: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Languages of South Texas and the Lower Rio Grande</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Languages of Native America</cite>. University of Texas Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-292-76851-2, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>355–389</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7560/746244-008%2Fhtml">10.7560/746244-008/html</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Cotoname&rft.atitle=The+Languages+of+South+Texas+and+the+Lower+Rio+Grande&rft.au=Ives+Goddard&rft.btitle=The+Languages+of+Native+America&rft.date=2014&rft.doi=10.7560%2F746244-008%2Fhtml&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780292768512&rft.pages=355-389&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John R. Swanton: <cite style="font-style:italic">Linguistic material from the tribes of Southern Texas and Northeastern Mexico</cite>. United States Government Printing Office, Washington 1940, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>118–120</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Cotoname&rft.au=John+R.+Swanton&rft.btitle=Linguistic+material+from+the+tribes+of+Southern+Texas+and+Northeastern+Mexico&rft.date=1940&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=118-120&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ives Goddard: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Languages of South Texas and the Lower Rio Grande</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Languages of Native America</cite>. University of Texas Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-292-76851-2, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>355–389</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7560/746244-008%2Fhtml">10.7560/746244-008/html</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Cotoname&rft.atitle=The+Languages+of+South+Texas+and+the+Lower+Rio+Grande&rft.au=Ives+Goddard&rft.btitle=The+Languages+of+Native+America&rft.date=2014&rft.doi=10.7560%2F746244-008%2Fhtml&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780292768512&rft.pages=355-389&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ives Goddard: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Languages of South Texas and the Lower Rio Grande</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Languages of Native America</cite>. University of Texas Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-292-76851-2, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>355–389</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7560/746244-008%2Fhtml">10.7560/746244-008/html</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Cotoname&rft.atitle=The+Languages+of+South+Texas+and+the+Lower+Rio+Grande&rft.au=Ives+Goddard&rft.btitle=The+Languages+of+Native+America&rft.date=2014&rft.doi=10.7560%2F746244-008%2Fhtml&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780292768512&rft.pages=355-389&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lyle Campbell: <cite style="font-style:italic">Coahuiltecan: A Closer Look</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Anthropological Linguistics</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>38</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4</span>, 1996, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220003-5483%22&key=cql">0003-5483</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>620–634</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Cotoname&rft.atitle=Coahuiltecan%3A+A+Closer+Look&rft.au=Lyle+Campbell&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=0003-5483&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Anthropological+Linguistics&rft.pages=620-634&rft.volume=38" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
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